Ziarah Masjidil Aqsa Haram atau Harus ? - Perbincangan Ulama-ulama.

Di salin dari : http://zaadut-taqwa.blogspot.com/2011/04/ambil-visa-dari-yahudi-untuk-ziarah.html

Ambil visa dari Yahudi untuk ziarah Masjid al-Aqsa?

Akhir-akhir ini terdapat beberapa syarikat pelancongan yang menawarkan lawatan ke Masjid al-Aqsa. Dan pastinya tawaran itu mendapat sambutan daripada kalangan umat Islam yang berada dengan segala senang hatinya tanpa berfikir dan bertanya pandangan Islam mengenainya. Mereka menganggap ini satu peluang keemasan untuk menziarahi masjid yang digalakkan oleh Nabi s.a.w. sendiri supaya menziarahinya. 

Sebagai memenuhi amanah ilmu, ana turunkan di sini perbahasan para ilmuan mengenai hukum menziarahi al-Quds khususnya Masjid al-Aqsa pada masa kini, yang dikupas oleh Dr. Anas Jarrab (PhD. Jami’ah al-Ulum al-Islamiyyah, takhassus Fiqh wa Usul Fiqh). 

Menurut beliau, berlaku perselisihan pendapat yang agak sengit di kalangan ulamak berhubung persoalan ini. Ada yang berpendapat harus dan ada juga yang mengatakan haram. Setiap golongan mengemukakan hujah serta dalil masing-masing.

Hujah golongan yang mengatakan harus:

Golongan ini berpendapat harus bagi seseorang muslim menziarahi al-Quds dan Masjid al-Aqsa dengan mengambil visa dari kedutaan Israel. Antara alasan yang mereka bawa ialah:

1. Qias kepada ziarah Mekah yang dilakukan oleh Rasulullah s.a.w. yang mana Mekah ketika itu berada di bawah penguasaan Musyrikin Quraisy. Sedia maklum bahawa kaum Quraisy memerangi Nabi s.a.w. Mereka menguasai tempat paling suci di muka bumi ini, iaitu Bait-Allah al-Haram. Sekiranya perbuatan ziarah itu haram, sudah tentu Rasulullah s.a.w. tidak akan melakukannya.

2. Ziarah boleh membantu rakyat Palestin dengan memberikan sokongan material dan moral, lebih-lebih lagi kepada mereka yang menetap di al-Quds. Ini dapat meningkatkan semangat juang serta ketabahan mereka menentang musuh.

3. Perkongsian isu Palestin, khususnya isu al-Quds. Melalui lawatan dapat menzahirkan ikatan umat Islam dengan Bandar suci ini dan mendorong mereka mengambil berat mengenainya lebih daripada sebelumnya.

4. Ziarah sama sekali tidak bermakna mengiktiraf Negara Yahudi. Bahkan sekadar mengambil kebenaran masuk demi mencapai maslahah yang lebih besar, iaitu memelihara kesucian al-Quds dan meramaikan umat Islam di sana.

5. Qias kepada rakyat Palestin yang berada di dalam Palestin itu sendiri, di mana mereka masuk dan keluar al-Quds di bawah pengawasan Israel. Dan tidak ada seorang ulamak pun yang mengatakan keluar masuknya mereka itu haram. 

6. Meraih pahala yang dijanjikan oleh Rasulullah s.a.w. melalui sabda baginda yang bermaksud: “Jangan kamu bersusah payah bermusafir kecuali untuk mengunjungi tiga masjid; Masjid aku ini, Masjid al-Haram dan Masjid al-Aqsa.” At-Tirmizi.

Dalil golongan yang mengatakan haram:

Golongan ini berpendapat tidak harus menziarahi Masjid al-Aqsa dengan mengambil visa daripada penjajah Israel atau kedutaan mereka. Dalil mereka ialah:

1. Sesungguhnya Allah Ta’ala melarang kita bekerjasan dengan musuh dan menolong mereka. Allah berfirman maksudnya: “… dan hendaklah kamu bertolong-tolongan untuk membuat kebajikan dan bertakwa dan janganlah kamu bertolong-tolongan pada melakukan dosa (maksiat) dan pencerobohan…” (Al-Maidah:2). Masuk ke dalam al-Quds dan Masjid al-Aqsa dengan mengambil visa daripada mereka bererti kita menolong Yahudi dari segi material dengan membayar harga visa dan lain-lain. Dari segi moral juga memberi keuntungan kepada mereka dengan menunjukkan bahawa mereka membenarkan umat Islam masuk untuk ziarah Masjid al-Aqsa. Ini jelas merupakan satu bentuk tolong menolong dalam perkara dosa.

2. Sesungguhnya mengiktiraf rejim Yahudi adalah haram sebagaimana diputuskan oleh jumhur ulamak. Mengambil visa daripada mereka bererti kita memperakui kewujudan dan keabsahan kedutaan mereka. Dengan itu secara langsungnya kita mengiktiraf keabsahan kewujudan rejim mereka serta kekuasaannya di atas bumi umat Islam.

3. Palestin kini sedang dijajah. Kewajipan kita adalah membebaskan dan membersihkannya dari penjajahan. Sekiranya kita tidak mampu membebaskannya, maka lebih utama kita memboikot pihak yang menjajahnya, bukan dengan cara kita masuk ke dalam kedutaan mereka dan meminta izin daripada mereka untuk masuk, kemudian mereka yang menentukan sama ada kita boleh masuk atau tidak. 

4. Masuk ke dalam keduataan Israel kemudian ke bumi Palestin menjadikan itu satu kebiasaan yang akan menjadikan orang berasa tidak salah lagi Yahudi menjajah bumi itu. Apa lagi segolongan besar mereka yang dapat masuk itu mengambil kesempatan pula menziarahi penempatan haram mereka seperti Tel Aviv, Haifa, Netanya, dan Kaisarea. Ini bererti suatu perkara yang mungkar dan keji.

Perbahasan dan tarjih (pemilihan pendapat yang paling tepat):

Pada hakikatnya, masalah ini tidak boleh dilihat dari satu sudut sahaja. Sebaliknya mesti dilihat dari semua sudut; 

- dari sudut fiqh al-waqi’ (fiqh reality) di mana kita bercakap tentang reality yang dihadapi oleh umat Islam masa kini, bukan masa lampau

- dari sudut fiqh al-muwazanat yang bermaksud mengkaji maslahah (kebaikan) dan mafsadah (kerosakan) yang timbul daripada perkara ini (ziarah) kemudian mendahulukan mana yang lebih utama daripada keduanya (maslahah dan mafsadah). Al-Qarafi, di dalam kitabnya “Al-Furuq” berkata: “Maka sesungguhnya suruhan-suruhan Syarak berdasrkan maslahah yang murni atau benar-benar jelas (khalisah dan rajihah). Dan larangan-larangannya berdasarkan mafsadah yang khalisah dan rajihah.

- Isu ini juga berkaitan dengan fiqh al-maalat, iaitu mengambil kira natijah dan kesudahan selepas sesuatu tindakan yang kita lakukan. Dalam hal ini, Ibn al-Qayyim berkata di dalam kitabnya “I’lam al-Muwaqqa’een” : “Oleh kerana maqasid (matalamat) tidak boleh dicapai kecuali dengan sebab serta jalan-jalan yang menyampaikan kepadanya, maka sebab-sebab dan jalan-jalan itu mengikut matalamat yang hendak dicapai itu (dari segi hukumnya)”. Imam asy-Syatibiy, di dalam kitabnya “Al-Muwafaqat” berkata: “Dan melihat kepada maal (apa yang akan terjadi akhirnya) sesuatu perbuatan adalah sesuatu yang dituntut dan dan diberi perhatian oleh Syarak, sama ada maal itu bersesuaian atau bercanggah dengannya”.

Oleh itu, apabila kita melihat isu ini secara sempurna dan menyeluruh kita mentarjihkan pendapat yang mengatakan haram berdasarkan hujah-hujah yang dibentangkan oleh golongan ini. Pihak yang mengatakan harus, berpegang kepada maslahah yang diharap akan berlaku, sedangkan pihak yang mengatakan haram mengingatkan mafsadah yang akan berlaku. Para ulamak telah menjelaskan bahawa apabila bertentangan antara mafsadah dengan maslahah, mestilah didahulukan dengan menolak atau mengelak mafsadah. Hal ini disebut oleh Ibn Nujaim al-Hanafiy di dalam kitabnya “al-Asybah wa an-Nadzair”: “Menolak mafsadah lebih diutamakan daripada menarik maslahah. Maka apabila berlawanan antara mafsadah dan maslahah, dahulukan menolak mafsadah”. 

Maka bagaimana kalau mafsadah yang akan timbul lebih besar daripada maslahah yang diharapkan? Tentulah menolaknya lebih utama. Al-‘Izz bin Abdus-Salam berkata di dalam kitabnya “Qawaed al-Ahkam”: “Sekiranya mafsadah lebih besar daripada maslahah, kita tolak mafsadah dan tidak perlu peduli dengan hilangnya maslahah”. 

Menolak hujah golongan yang mengatakan harus:

1. Qias kepada Nabi menziarahi Mekah untuk menunaikan umrah adalah qias ma’a al-fariq, iaitu qias sesuatu perkara kepada sesuatu yang berbeza dengannya. Kaum Quraisy bukan penjajah kora Mekah. Sebaliknya mereka adalah penduduk tempatan sejak berzaman. Mereka bukan datang dari serata pelusuk dunia untuk menguasai Mekah. Berbeza dengan Yahudi yang menjajah bumi Palestin dengan menggunakan kekerasan, menghalau dan mengusir penduduk asal secara zalim dan tidak bermaruah.

2. Adapun alasan membantu rakyat Palestin dengan bantuan material dan moral, boleh dilakukan dengan menyalurkan bantuan melalui jalan-jalan yang sah dan dipercayai. Dari segi sokongan moral pula, boleh dilakukan dengan mendokong isu Palestin, memberi kesedaran, menyebarkan kefahaman mengenainya dengan pelbagai cara yang sah. Ini boleh meningkatkan sokongan dunia dan mengambil berat mengenainya.

3. Kata-kata bahawa mengambil visa tidak bererti mengiktirah Yahudi adalah bercanggah dengan reality. Sedia maklum bahawa kedutaan adalah satu pengiktirafan kepada kewujudan sesebuah Negara. Masuk ke dalam kedutaan dan ambil visa adalah satu bentuk pengiktirafan kepadanya. Lebih-lebih lagi apabila kita mengambil visa bererti kita kena hormat undang-undang mereka dan tidak boleh melakukan perkara yang boleh menyentuh kepentingan mereka. Ini tentunya bercanggah dengan ajaran agama kita. Bagaimana kita boleh mengiktiraf ketuanan mereka di atas bumi umat Islam? Bagaimana kita reda berjanji tidak akan mencemarkan keselamatan mereka di atas bumi Palesti pada hal jihad menentang mereka adalah fardu ain?

4. Adapun qias kepada orang dalam Palestin yang keluar masuk itu juga qias ma’a al-fariq. Orang Palestin berinteraksi dengan Yahudi adalah berdasarkan fiqh al-waqi’ dan fiqh adh-dharurah. Mereka tidak boleh keluar dari rumah mereka dan tidak boleh mendapatkan apa-apa dokumen kecuali dengan izin Yahudi. Untuk mereka ada hukum khas yang tidak boleh disamakan dengan muslimin yang tidak berada di bawah penjajahan. Qaedah Fiqhiyyah menegaskan bahawa: “Sesuatu perkara itu apabila telah sempit akan diluaskan” dan “Dharurat (keterpaksaan) mengharuskan yang dilarang”. Maka qaedah ini diaplikasikan ke atas orang Palestin. Ia tidak boleh diaplikasikan ke atas orang lain yang tinggal di luar kerana mereka tidak terperangkap di dalam belenggu penjajahan.

5. Adapun hujah untuk mendapat pahala, maka kita boleh mendapatkannya dengan ziarah al-Haramain (Mekah dan Madinah). Di situ pahalanya lebih berganda-ganda lagi berbanding dengan al-Quds. Di samping itu maslahah yang umum, iaitu tidak bekerjasama dengan Yahudi dan memboikot mereka lebih diutamakan daripada maslahah khusus yang diperolehi oleh individu tertentu daripada ziarah itu.

Dengan ini jelaslah kepada kita kekuatan hujah pihak yang mengatakan haram berbanding dengan pihak yang mengatakan harus ambil visa dari Yahudi untuk ziarah Masjid al-Aqsa.

والله تعالى اعلم

Nota: Beberapa inisiatif membantu membebaskan Masjidil Aqsa : http://gm2j.com/main/ dan capaian-capaian berkaitan di web di atas.

Misi penerusan MyGMJ : http://aqsa2gaza3.blogspot.com/2012/05/catatan-perjalanan-a2g4-17-26-mei-2012.html

MENYINGKAP PERANG OKTOBER 1973 :

Antara kepintaran tentera dan kesombongan ahli politik. Perang Oktober 1973 atau juga dikenali sebagai Perang Ramadhan bermula pada hari ini, 6 Oktober, 40 tahun yang lalu. Ia dikenali oleh Mesir dan Syria sebagai operasi Badar, sempena perang Badar yang berlaku dalam bulan Ramadhan. Di Israel ia dikenali sebagai Yom Kippur War kerana berlaku pada hari perayaan Yom Kippur. Ia bermula serentak di dua perbatasan apabila tentera Mesir dan Syria membuat serangan mengejut pada jam 2 petang 6 Oktober keatas Israel untuk mengambil semula Semenanjung Sinai dan Bukit Golan yang dirampas dalam perang 1967. 

Minggu pertama peperangan dikuasai oleh tentera Mesir tetapi senario berubah pada minggu kedua hingga berlaku gencatan senjata. Diperbatasan Syria pula, kemenangan tentera Syria hanya bertahan sehari sebelum dipatahkan semula oleh Israel. Permulaan perang menyaksikan pelbagai kepintaran strategi oleh tentera Mesir dan mengejutkan Israel sebelum kemenangan sementara itu dilenyapkan oleh kebodohan tindakan pemimpin politik, samada di Mesir mahupun di Syria. Antara yang utama untuk disebutkan ialah : 

1. Peranan `double agent’ (perisik dua muka) Asyraf Marwan. Mossad menyangka bahawa Asyraf Marwan adalah perisik mereka yang amat berharga kerana kedudukanya yang rapat dengan Anwar Sadat. Tidak mereka sangka bahawa Asyraf adalah perisik Mesir dan maklumat yang disalurkan kepada Israel adalah yang Mesir kehendaki sahaja. Pada 5 Oktober 1973, sehari sebelum perang meletus, Asyaf `membocorkan’ maklumat kepada Israel bahawa Mesir dan Syria akan melancarkan perang pada jam 6 petang, 6 Oktober. Sedangkan Mesir mula melancarkan serangan jam 2 petang, dikala Israel belum bersedia sepenuhnya. Kemampuan tentera Mesir menyusupkan seorang agen ke dalam Mossad yang dikenali sebagai agensi perisikan yang disegani didunia amat memalukan Israel. 

2. Strategi perang yang mudah, tidak terlalu `ambitious’ tetapi realistik dan tidak disangka. Selepas tentera udara Mesir dilumpuhkan dalam perang 1967, Israel beranggapan Mesir tidak mungkin bangkit menentang kembali melainkan setelah tentera udaranya dibina semula. Paling awal dijangka pada 1975. Israel terlalu angkuh selepas kejayaan Perang 1967. Mengentahui keadaan ini, Mesir tidak merancang menggunakan kekuatan serangan udara sebagai senjata utama, tetapi mereka membina kekuatan pertahanan udara menggunakan gabungan sistem peluru berpandu Soviet SA-6 dan SA-7 yang terbaru , misil anti-pesawat mudah-alih SAM-7 serta meriam anti-pesawat. Ia digambarkan oleh jeneral udara Israel sebagai sistem pertahanan udara yang terbaik di dunia selepas Soviet Union. Dengan sistem ini mereka membina `air defence umbrella’ :- satu kubah pertahanan udara yang tidak boleh dimasuki oleh jet-jet Israel. Tentera Mesir hanya akan mara dalam linkungan kubah udara ini sahaja dan menggunakannya sebagai `leverage’ untuk merundingkan gencatan senjata dan pengunduran Israel. Dalam percubaan Israel untuk bertindak balas selepas diserang, 35 jet Israel ditembak jatuh dalam tempoh 24 jam pertama. Masuk hari ke 2, Israel kehilangan 1/3 dari 300 jet pejuangnya lalu menghentikan serangan udara. 

3. Menipu kesediaan tentera Israel (Deception). Pos kawalan tentera Israel di tebing timur terusan Suez memerhati pergerakan tentera Mesir 24 jam sehari. Sebarang pergerakan besar tentera Mesir akan menimbulkan syak-wasangka. Berbulan-bulan sebelum perang, tentera Mesir mengadakan latihan demi latihan disepanjang Terusan Suez termasuk latihan menyeberang. Setelah tentera mengadakan latihan pada waktu siang, mereka pulang ke berek pada waktu malam. Begitulah mereka ulangi sehingga pergerakkan tentera Mesir telah menjadi permandangan biasa kepada tentera Israel. Pada masa yang sama tentera tambahan dibawa pada waktu malam menaiki keretapi. Pada hari serangan, tentera Mesir dilihat bermandi-manda di Terusan Suez seperti biasa. Akhirnya pemerhati tentera Israel tidak menyangka yang disangkakan latihan pada 6 Oktober adalah serangan yang sebenar. 

4. Memecah Benteng Bar Lev (Bar Lev Line) Bar Lev Line oleh Israel dibina di sepanjang 160km tebing timur Terusan Suez selepas menawan Sinai pada 1967. Sinai akan menjadi zon penampan (buffer zone) antara Mesir dengan Israel sementara Israel mengaut hasil bumi Sinai. Ia terdiri dari benteng pasir dan konkrit setinggi 60-80 kaki dengan kecerunan 45-65 darjah menjadikannya mustahil untuk diseberangi oleh mana-mana kereta kebal. Sebarang percubaan untuk membina jambatan merentasi terusan dan memecahkan benteng akan mengambil masa sekurang-kurangnya 24 hingga 48 jam, cukup untuk Israel menyerang balas. Apabila perang bermula, benteng Bar Leb dihujani dengan bedilan meriam berterusan. Ini memberi perlindungan kepada barisan hadapan komando Mesir yang melintasi terusan dengan boat getah (dingy). Dalam masa sejam pertama 14,000 tentera Mesir telah menyeberang terusan dan memanjat benteng. Jambatan terapung (pontoon bridges) dibina untuk diseberangi kereta kebal dan peralatan perang. Tetapi bagaimana untuk melepasi benteng? Pada 1971, seorang pegawai muda tentera, Baki Zaki Yousef, memberi idea untuk menembak runtuh benteng pasir Bar Lev menggunakan pam bertekanan tinggi (high presurre pump) denga bekalan air dari terusan. Idea diambil dari pembinaan Empangan Aswan yang sedang berjalan. Ratusan pam dibeli dari Britain dan Jerman sebelum 1973 kononnya untuk kegunaan anggota Bomba. Kombinasi 5 pam boleh memecahkan benteng dalam masa 2 jam sahaja. Dalam masa 24 jam perang bermula, 81 lokasi benteng telah dipecahkan dan 90,000 tentera bersama 850 kereta kebal Mesir telah menyeberangi Terusan Suez. 

5. Memusnahkan ketumbukan Kereta Kebal Israel. Kekuatan kedua Israel selepas angkatan udaranya adalah ketumbukan kereta kebal. Dengan sikap yang terlalu yakin selepas perang 1967, Israel hanya menempatkan 40 kereta kebal di barisan hadapan terusan Suez. Namun ia disokong oleh pelan pertahanan Sinai, Dovecote, yang mempunyai 300 kereta kebal, 70 meriam dan 1800 tentera. Tetapi pelan ini adalah berdasarkan jangkamasa mobilasi 48 jam. Serangan mengejut Mesir dan kepantasan pergerakan yang diluar jangkaan telah memeranjatkan Israel. Apabila pelan Dovecote diaktifkan dan pasukan sokongan ini tiba di Terusan Suez, mereka disambut oleh tentera Mesir yang telah siap berkubu dan unit-unit anti-kereta kebal yang sedia mencari mangsa. Misil anti-kereta kebal mudah-alih 9K11 Malyutka (NATO codename Sagger) digunakan dengan jayanya oleh tentera Mesir. Dengan senjata ini, hanya seorang tentera pejalan kaki diperlukan untuk memusnahkan kereta kebal Israel. Dalam masa 36 jam, 1/3 dari 300 kereta kebal Israel dimusnahkan. Unit kereta kebal tentera simpanan Israel tiba pada 8 Oktober untuk membantu. Tanpa sempat mengatur kedudukan, mereka terus memasuki medan perang. Sekali lagi mereka memasuki perangkap tentera Mesir yang sedia menanti. Serangan balas Israel dihentikan dan mereka berundur. 

Malangnya kejayaan tentera Mesir tidak bertahan lama apabila pemimpin politik mula memberi arahan perang tanpa mengendahkan pandangan pimpinan tentera. Ia bermula apabila Syria mulai dikalahkan pada hari kedua perang. Israel tahu mereka tidak mampu menangani 2 medan pertempuran serentak. Israel menumpukan kekuatan ke Bukit Golan kerana ia lebih hampir kepada penduduk Israel. Di Sinai mereka mula bertahan. Dipenghujung hari pertama serangan menampakkan Syria menguasai semula sebahagian besar selatan Bukit Golan. Apabila malam tiba, mereka diarahkan untuk menghentikan serangan dan menyambung esok. Sedangkan pada masa itu medan terbuka luas, barisan depan Israel kucar-kacir dan laluan ke Wadi Jordan tiada pertahanan. Namun tentera Syria dikawal secara kuku besi oleh Presiden Hafiz Al Assad. Tiada siapa berani membuat menukar rancangan atau keputusan melainkan arahan dari Assad. Ruang masa ini diambil oleh Israel untuk mengatur tenteranya semula dan tentera simpanan mulai tiba. 

Keesokkan harinya Israel telah bersedia untuk menerima serangan Syria. Assad mengeluarkan arahan untuk tentera Syria menyerang mulai jam 8 pagi. Jeneral tentera Syria meminta agar serangan ditangguhkan kerana tentera Israel telah bersedia tetapi tidak diendahkan. Apabila serangan dimulakan pada 7 Oktober tentera Syria menerima tentangan yang sengit dari Israel dan akhirnya terpaksa berundur. Menjelang 10 Oktober, tentera Syria bukan sahaja berundur ke garisan sebelum perang bermula, tetapi tentera Israel memasuki Syria sehingga 20 km dari Damsyik. Kesilapan Assad adalah tidak mengambil peluang untuk mara ketika musuh tidak bersedia dan membuat keputusan untuk menyerang ketika musuh siap menunggu walaupun cuba dibantah oleh jeneral tentera Syria. Apabila Assad mula terasa tertekan, beliau menghubungi Presiden Anwar Sadat untuk terus menyerang Israel agar sebahagian kekuatan Israel akan mula beralih dari Syria ke Mesir. 

Dikala itu tentera Mesi telah mengusai medan dan mereka berkubu dalam lingkungan kubah pertahanan udara seperti yang dirancang. Terdesak dengan rayuan Assad, Anwar Sadat mengarahkan 2 division kereta kebal Mesir yang mengawal barisan belakang di tebing barat Terusan Suez untuk menyeberangi terusan dan terus mara melangkaui linkungan pertahanan udara. Arahan ini dibantah oleh Ketua Turus Tentera Mesir General Saad As Syazli. Bantahan tersebut tidak diendahkan dan Sadat tetap berkeras. Arahan Sadat tersebut ternyata menjadi persimpangan nasib tentera Mesir. Ketumbukan kereta kebal Mesir yang keluar dari perlindungan pertahanan udara memang dinantikan oleh kereta kebal, meriam dan unit anti-kereta kebal Israel yang dilengkapi dengan `TOW missiles’ buatan Amerika serta jet pejuang Israel yang tidak lagi diancam oleh sistem pertahan udara Mesir. Jam 6 pagi, 14 Oktober bermulalah pertempuran kereta kebal yang terbesar dalam sejarah selepas Perang Dunia Kedua. 2000 kereta kebal bertempur secara terbuka disepanjang 160 km. Menjelang malam Mesir kehilangan 264 kereta kebal manakala Israel tidak sampai 20 buah. 

Pada masa yang sama, tentera Israel diketuai oleh General Ariel Sharom mengambil peluang untuk menembusi ke belakang barisan pertahan Mesir dan menyeberang ke tebing barat Terusan Suez. Matlamatnya adalah memusnahkan sistem pertahanan udara Mesir seterusnya membuka laluan kepada serangan jet pejuang Israel. Mereka berjaya membolos pertahanan Mesir melalui ruang antara Ketumbukan ke 2 tentera Mesir di utara Suez dan Ketumbukan ke 3 di selatan. Mereka menghadapi tentangan yang minima kerana tulang belakang pertahanan Mesir telah dihantar oleh Sadat ke garisan hadapan. Sekali lagi permintaan General Syazli untuk mengundurkan sebahagian tentera membantu barisan belakang dibantah oleh Sadat bahkan General Syazli sendiri akhirnya senyap-senyap dilucutkan jawatan. 

Tanpa pertahanan yang kuat, sistem udara Mesir diserang dengan mudah, memecahkan kubah yang melindungi tentera Mesir. Mesir dan Israel mula bersetuju dengan gencatan senjata yang akhirnya diisytiharkan pada 22 October. Tapi melihat peluang dihadapan mata, Israel meneruskan kemaraan. Menjelang 23 Oktober, tentera Israel berjaya mengepung Ketumbukan ke 3 tentera Mesir dari belakang. 20,000 tentera Mesir dikepung. Setelah beberapa hari tanpa makanan, tanpa peluru, tanpa bekalan minyak dan ramai yang cedera tidak diubati, sebahagian tentera Mesir mula menyerah kepada Israel. Dalam usaha untuk menyelamatkan Mesir, Soviet Union mengugut untuk menghantar tenteranya jika tentera pengaman tidak dihantar ke Mesir. 

Akhirnya bersama tekanan antarabangsa, Israel akur dengan gencatan senjata dan Perang Oktober 1973 berakhir pada 25 Oktober. Arahan Presiden Assad yang angkuh dengan kemenangan sehari dan arahan Presiden Sadat yang mulai tamak dengan kejayaan sementara, walaupun dinasihati dan dibantah oleh pimpinan tentera, terbukti menjadi persimpangan yang mengubah senario perang menyebelahi Israel. Selepas perang, General Saad al Syazli dilantik sebagai duta Mesir ke Britain dan Portugal, tetapi apabila beliau membantah perjanjian Camp David, beliau sekali lagi dilucutkan jawatan dan hidup dalam buangan di Algeria. Bagaimanakah mungkin Anwar Sadat berdabik dada dengan kemenangan Perang Oktober seolah ia milik beliau sedangkan akitek kemenangan tersebut dipecat dengan hina bahkan kerana tindakan Sadatlah yang mengubah kemenangan tentera Mesir kepada kekalahan demi kekalahan dalam hari-hari seterusnya. 

Sebenarnya perkara yang sama juga berlaku di pihak Israel. Sebaik saja Israel mendapat maklumat Mesir dan Syria akan menyerang, General Moshe Dayan meminta kebenaran untuk melancarkan serangan udara mengejut (pre-emptive strike) sebelum perang bermula. Tapi permintaan itu ditolak oleh Perdana Menteri Israel Golda Meyer atas alasan Israel akan dilihat sebagai yang memulakan perang seperti 1967. Senario perang mungkin berubah jika Israel yang memulakan serangan udara atau mungkin saja tidak kerana pertahan udara Mesir telah siap menunggu. 

6 Oktober 2013 

Ar. Syed Mohd Radhi Syed Sakkaf Pengerusi

J/k Pembelaan Ummah Pertubuhan IKRAM Negeri Selangor.

Garis Masa Sejarah Islam

Sebelum Nabi Isa

• Abad 1 S.M.

[sunting]Kalendar Gregory

• Abad ke-6 (126 SH - 23 SH)
• Abad ke-7 (23 SH - 81 AH)
• Abad ke-8 (81 AH – 184 AH)
• Abad ke-9 (184 AH – 288 AH)
• Abad ke-10 (288 AH – 391 AH)
• Abad ke-11 (391 AH – 494 AH)
• Abad ke-12 (494 AH – 597 AH)
• Abad ke-13 (597 AH – 700 AH)
• Abad ke-14 (700 AH – 803 AH)
• Abad ke-15 (803 AH – 906 AH)
• Abad ke-16 (906 AH – 1009 AH)
• Abad ke-17 (1009 AH – 1112 AH)
• Abad ke-18 (1112 AH] – 1215 AH)
• Abad ke-19 (1215 AH – 1318 AH)
• Abad ke-20 (1318 AH – 1421 AH)
• Abad ke-21 (1421 AH – 1524 AH)

[sunting]Kalendar Islam

• Abad 1 AH (622 AM - 719 AM)
• Abad ke-2 AH (719 AM - 816 AM)
• Abad ke-3 AH (816 AM - 913 AM)
• Abad ke-4 AH (913 AM - 1009 AM)
• Abad ke-5 AH (1009 AM - 1106 AM])
• Abad ke-6 AH (1106 AM - 1203 AM)
• Abad ke-7 AH (1203 AM - 1299 AM)
• Abad ke-8 AH (1299 AM - 1397 AM)
• Abad ke-9 AH (1397 AM - )
• Abad ke-10 AH
• Abad ke-11 AH
• Abad ke-12 AH
• Abad ke-13 AH ( - 1883 AM)
• Abad ke-14 AH (1883 AM - 1980 AM)
• Abad ke-15 AH (1980 AM - )

[sunting]Lihat pula

• Sejarah sains dan kejuruteraan dalam dunia Islam
• Sejarah Islam
• Garis masa Baitulmuqaddis

Disalin dari Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu. http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_masa_sejarah_Islam

Juga lihat : http://panduanpercuma.info/pelbagai/792/kronologi-empayar-islam-dan-kegemilangannya/

Kronologi Tindakan Ganas Zionis Terhadap Masjid Al-Aqsa

(Diambil dari: http://chromosome.wordpress.com/2010/10/08/gambar-gambar-masjid-al-aqsa-dari-atas/)

Kronologi tindakan keganasan, pencerobohan dan penodaan Zionis terhadap Masjidil Aqsa sejak 7 Jun 1967:

07.06.1967: immediately after occupying East Jerusalem, the Zionists confiscated the keys to Bab El-Magharbeh, the Western Gate of Al-Aqsa compound. The Magharbeh Quarter with its 138 houses was destroyed, in addition to the Afdaliyeh school, the Buraq Mosque and the Magharbeh Mosque.

09.06.1967: for the first time since 1167, the congregational Friday prayer was not held on orders from the occupation authorities.

09.08.1967: Chief Chaplain of the Israeli Army Shlomo Goren, later Israel’s chief Rabbi, leads 50 armed extremists ontoAl-Haram Ash-Sharif saying “It is a holy commandment” for Jews to go to the Muslim grounds, which Jews call the Temple Mount”, and conducts prayers there.

16.06.1969: Israeli authorities seize the south-western section of Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound.

18.8.1969: members of the Zionist group Bitar desecrate Al-Aqsa.

21.08.1969: a Zionist terrorist attempt to burn down Al-Aqsa:
On the morning of 21.8.1969 an Australian-born terrorist, Denis Michael Rohan, entered Al-Aqsa mosque and set the 800 year old Nurrudin Zinki Mihrab on fire, destroying the old priceless wood and ivory pulpit sent from Aleppo by the Muslim ruler Saladin and part of the ceiling. The fire broke out around 7: 20 am and the Palestinians rushed to extinguish it and save the mosque. Fire brigades from Bethlehem, Ramallah even far-away Nablus and Hebron rushed to help save Al-Aqsa, while the Israeli Jerusalem fire brigades, which were the closest to the scene, were for obvious reasons delayed. Also, for another “unexplained reason” some 8 minutes after the fire brigades started extinguishing the fire, the water supply was cut off, keeping in mind that the water supply and water network were under the control of the Israeli Jerusalem municipality.
The Palestinian firemen, Palestinian Jerusalemites and all Palestinians who rushed from everywhere to save Al-Aqsa transported water in buckets by hand until they were able to extinguish the fire. And as usual, the Zionist state invented excuse after excuse to “justify” this crime, claiming the Zionist attacker was deranged, a claim given to all those who commit crimes against Palestinians to protect them from prosecution.
Also, although it took almost 5 hours to distinguish the fire, Israelis later claimed it took only one hour in a blatant effort to minimize the hideous crime. Three days before the terror attack, on 18.8.1969, Yediot Ahronot published a report emphasizing that the “Solomon Temple” would be rebuilt in the same spot that “Strangers tried to seize”. On 25.8.1969 the Jerusalem Post published a report on the life of Rohan, who was brought by the Jewish Agency to work in a Kibbutz and to be educated in Zionist teachings and Hebrew language, relating Rohan’s dreams of building “Solomon’s Temple” in Jerusalem. While this terror attack was condemned worldwide, wide segments of the world Jewry and Christian Zionists praised it. On 15.9.1969 and after several meetings, the UN Security Council in its Resolution 271 (1969) condemned the act of destruction and profanation of Al-Aqsa.

16.11. 1969: The Israeli occupation authorities seize the Fakhriyya Corner on the south-western side of Al-Haram Ash-Sharif.

19.12.1969: a group of militant Jews storm their way to Al-Haram Ash-Sharif to “conduct Hanukkah prayers.”

14.08.1970: an attempt by the fanatic “Temple Mount & Land of Israel Faithful“ group lead by fanatic Zionist Gershon Solomon to forcibly enter the premises of Al-Haram Ash-Sharif is repulsed by Palestinian. The confrontation resulted in tens of Palestinians being injured by Israeli army gunfire. This group is an ultra-fanatic Jewish group dedicated to the so-called rebuilding of the “Solomon Templ”e on the site of Al-Aqsa Mosque after demolishing it.

03.03.1971: Jewish fanatic Gershon Solomon leads “Temple Mount Faithful” followers onto Al-Haram Ash-Sharif, who are expelled after struggling with Palestinian guards.

11.07.1971: 12 members of the Bitar fanatic Zionist group enter the Al-Aqsa and try conducting praying there.

22.07.1971: the Bitar fanatic Zionist group conducts prayers in Al-Haram Ash-Sharif.

03.03.1974: Gershon Solomon and his followers storm Al-Aqsa Mosque.

14.07.1978: Gershon Solomon leads militant Jews onto Al-Haram Ash-Sharif.

08.1979: attempts by members of the Jewish extremist groups Gershon Solomon and Meir Kahane to enter Al-Aqsa Mosque are prevented by thousands of Palestinians; ensuing clashes leave dozens of Palestinians wounded.

11.10.1979: Israeli forces wound dozens of worshippers by shooting and throwing tear gas into Al-Aqsa.

19.04.1980: a group of Jewish Rabbis and sages hold a semi-secret conference devoted to exploring ways and means “to liberate the Temple Mount from Muslim hands” and announce they would work on overtaking Al-Aqsa.

10.08.1980: 300 heavy armed Gush Emunim fanatic settlers overcome Palestinian guards and storm Al-Haram Ash-Sharif, but are later dispersed. These fanatics are associated with Stanley Goldfoot and the “Temple Mount Faithful” fanatic group.

28.08.1980: The Israeli occupation authorities dug a tunnel right underneath Al-Aqsa Mosque.

05.09.1980: Rabbi Meir Kahane of the Gush Emunim terrorist group attempts to blow up Al-Aqsa with explosives. 120 kg of high explosives and scores of bombs were accidentally discovered only 2 minutes before donation at a distance of 50 m from Al-Aqsa. It was a Friday, meaning a day when tens of thousands of Palestinians would gather in Al-Haram Ash-Sharif for prayer.

15.09.1980: heavily armed Gush Emunim fanatic settlers again force their way onto Al-Haram Ash-Sharif.

28.08.1981: Israeli authorities start digging a tunnel beneath Al-Aqsa, weakening the foundations of the compound.

30.03.1982: Numerous letters sent to Muslim Waqf authorities urging them to abandon the “Temple Mount” and warning them of the dire consequence of their “usurpation of our Temple”. The letters were written in Hebrew, English, French, Spanish and Polish.

08.04.1982: explosives placed by the terror group Gush Emunim were discovered at the entrance to Al-Aqsa and dismantled. Beside the explosives were pamphlets threatening to blow up Al-Aqsa Mosque and physically liquidate the religious dignitaries. The threats were written in broken Arabic and issued from the Kiryat Arba illegal Jewish settlement.

11.04.1982: Zionists commit a massacre at the Al-Aqsa Mosque, killing 9 Palestinians and injuring over 100:
On early morning on Sunday 11.4.1982 the heavily armed American Israeli soldier Alan Harry Goodman made his way to Al-Aqsa, killing 1 Palestinian unarmed Mosque guard at the Magharbeh Gate. The IOF soldiers who sat there did not interfere. Goodman then went inside Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound and killed another two unarmed Palestinian guards before storming Al-Aqsa and opening fire at the worshippers there for a whole half an hour, without any interference or any attempts to stop him from the IOF. 9 Palestinians were killed and some 100 wounded.  He then directed his fire at the pulpit, the chandeliers, the mosaic, the marble and the carpets, some of which caught fire. Goodman attempts to blow up the Dome of the Rock but is prevented by a Palestinian. When the Israeli soldiers finally interfered, it was to protect the killer: a curfew was imposed on the old city, and part of one of the walls of Al-Haram Ash-Sharif was demolished. The Israeli government, as usual, declared the soldier to be mentally ill, like all those “deranged people” before him who tried in strangely well-organized operations to destroy Al-Aqsa and with the strangely full cooperation of the IOF present there. And if he was mentally ill, what was he doing serving in the Israeli army? Or is being mentally ill a prerequisite for service in the IOF? When after a short sentence, Goodman was released by order of the Israeli government, he boasted: “I fulfilled my mission.”

20.05.1982: Several Zionist organizations sent death threats to Muslim Waqf officials.

25.07.1982: Yoel Lerner of the terror group Meir Kahane Kach movement, stormsAl-Haram Ash-Sharif with plans to dynamite and destroy the Dome of the Rock.

10.03.1983: Armed Gush Emunim Jewish terrorists climb the walls onto Al-Haram Ash-Sharif and lay siege to Al-Aqsa Mosque. They have in their possession large quantities of explosives, automatic rifles and pistols. 29 of these terrorists are charged and held for trial, but are quit by an Israeli court 6 months later.

26.03.1983: The main entrance to the Jerusalem’s Waqf department collapsed due to Israeli excavations underneath.

20.11.1983: US Jews begin fundraising for the construction of the “Third Temple” to be built on Al-Aqsa compound.

27.01.1984: a group of Jewish terrorists, led by Rabbi Moshe Levinger, one of the most militant of Jewish extremists, attempt to dynamite and destroy Al-Aqsa. They were found armed with 250 pounds of explosives, including dozens of grenades, boxes of dynamite and 12 rounds of mortar.

21.08.1985: The Israeli police allow Jewish extremists to hold prayers within the confines of Al-Haram Ash-Sharif premises.

04.08. 1986: A group of Rabbis issued final ruling allowing Jews to pray at Al-Haram Ash-Sharif and announce the decision to build a Synagogue in Al-Aqsa yard.

12.05.1988: Israeli soldiers open fire on a peaceful Palestinian march at Al-Haram Ash-Sharif, killing and wounding about a hundred Palestinians.

02.07.1988: The Israeli Ministry of Religious Affairs begins digging a tunnel near al-Ghanmeh Gate.

14.01.1989: under the protection of Israeli police, a number of Knesset members read the so-called “Holy Mercy” inside Al-Aqsa.

08.10.1990: Zionists commit a massacre at Al-Aqsa Mosque, killing at least 17 Palestinians and injuring over 900:
Since 1967, the “Temple Mount Faithful” fanatic Jewish group continuously attacked Al-Aqsa with the protection and the support of the IOF. Such attacks often ended with Palestinians being killed, wounded or arrested. The worst of these terror attacks is the Al Aqsa massacre. Several days before the massacre this fanatic group informed the media of its intentions to march to Al-Aqsa, on the occasion of a religious festival known as the “Throne Festival”, and place the foundation stone of the so-called “Third Temple”. They called on all Jews to join in this march and their leader and founder Gershon Solomon announced that the “the Arab-Islamic occupation of the temple area must come to an end, and the Jews must renew their profound ties to the sacred area.”[1] Calls were made to the Palestinians to come and protect Al-Aqsa. On Monday 08.10.1990, some 200,000 fanatic Zionist Jews marched to Al-Aqsa. The Israeli army assisted the fanatics as usual and eased their mission by placing military checkpoints along the entrances to the city, so as to prevent the Palestinians from getting in and protecting the Al-Aqsa. Nevertheless, thousands of Palestinians had already gathered inside Al-Aqsa since the night before and early morning. It was when the Palestinians tried preventing the fanatic group from placing the so-called ”foundation stone” for their so-called temple, that the massacre began. IOF soldiers and the fanatic settlers starting shooting randomly at the unarmed Palestinians, not distinguishing between young and old, men and women, and using machine guns and gas bombs. Israeli helicopters participated in the massacre from the air. The massacre lasted 35 minutes, from 10:00 to 10:35, in which at least 17 Palestinians (some sources mention 18, others 23) were killed and some 900 injured, most of the wounds being in the head and in the heart. And as if that wasn’t enough, the IOF then started beaten the people with their clubs and rifles.

Eyewitnesses later reported that even those who lie wounded on the ground or in ambulances were shot at. “Nurse Fatima Abu Khadir said that “We went into the mosque precincts in an ambulance. I saw a large number of injured who had fallen on the ground. Then I saw lots of soldiers, hundreds of soldiers. They were about 30 meters from the ambulance and kneeling on one knee the way snipers do, and their weapons were aimed inside the ambulance. After that I couldn’t see anything.”

News agencies described the blessed precincts of al-Aqsa Mosque saying that blood had covered “the entire two hundred meters between the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque. Blood was flowing everywhere, all over the wide steps, and had stained the white tile the length of the broad courtyard, as well as the doors of both mosques. The walls of the two mosques had long, crimson lines etched onto hem by bleeding hands, and blood had stained the white uniforms of the woman first-aid workers. Everyone – the wounded and the more fortunate, first-aid workers, journalists, and Israeli soldiers – all of them looked as though they were swimming in blood.
Physician Muhammad Abu ‘Ayila relates what happened to him and to a wounded man to whom he had been trying to administer first aid, and how the Zionists’ glee at the sight of Palestinian blood spilled in the precincts of the holy mosque had blinded their eyes so much that they couldn’t distinguish between a young child and an old man, between a man and a woman, between a wounded man and one seeking to treat him. He says, “I got out of the ambulance carrying a first-aid kit. I was wearing a white uniform. The soldiers saw me and knew I was a doctor. But when I got to the wounded person nearest me and bent down to treat him, I got three bullets in my back in the region of the kidney. At that very moment, the wounded man near me died. But he could have been saved if I hadn’t been hit.” 
(source: http://www.almoltaqa.ps/english/showthread.php?t=3808)

The Zionist government, in its usual way to trick the international community, announced the formation of an investigation committee. Such committees which are always comprised of Mossad and IOF personnel, have the duty of clearing Israel’s responsibility and placing the blame on the Palestinians. So it was no surprise this time too that the victims were blamed for being killed and that the murderers were announced to be not guilty. The committee announced that, “The report confirms clearly that the responsibility and fault for escalating [the conflict] lies on the side of the thousands of Muslim extremists, who were attacking the holy place of the Jews.”[2]

19.10.1990: The Friday prayer was delayed for two hours because the Israeli occupation authorities denied Muslim worshiper entry to Al-Haram Ash-Sharifcompound.

1993: Israeli High Court decision stipulating that the Al-Aqsa compound is “part of Israel”.

1993: The extremist ‘Temple Mount Faithful’ group files a High Court complaint against the Islamic Waqf claiming that the renovation at the Dome of the Rock is illegal since not authorized by Israel. The Israeli High Court demands a halt to the renovation work on Al-Aqsa mosque, challenging the Waqf’s authority over Islamic holy sites.

1994: The Israeli authority appoints Meir Davidson as municipal adviser on Palestinian properties. Davidson is a senior official of Ateret Cohanim, an organization whose aim is destruction of Al-Aqsa mosque.

02.1994: 7 Israeli extremists try to pray in Al-Aqsa Mosque but were eventually ordered to leave by the police accompanying them.

25.02.1994: Israeli soldiers shoot dead a Palestinian youth and wound several in the Dome of the Rock after clashes erupted in protest of the Hebron massacre.

29.03.1994: Clashes erupt in the Old City as a group of Israeli extremists led by Gershon Solomon stage a march which intends to enter Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound.

06.1994: The Islamic Waqf accuses Israel of digging a tunnel under the Via Dolarosa that threatens Islamic property around Al-Aqsa compound. Previous diggings had led to the destruction of the entrance to the Waqf and the collapse of the roof of Othman’s Mosque.

15.07.1994: The Israeli High Court decides to allow Jews to worship at Al-Haram Ash-Sharif the next day.

19.08.1994: Israeli media report that the Israeli authorities plan to start a huge project (“The King’s Hill”) around the Old City. This project is to include a 4-acre park at Salawduha area, roads to the Church of Gethsemane, construction of “Rahma Gate” underneath Al-Aqsa Mosque, and a subterranean road from the Church of Gethsemane to the wall of Silwan.

08.1994: Extremist Kach members vandalize the Islamic graveyard at Lion’s Gate near Al-Aqsa Mosque, destroy dozens of gravestones and paint “Death to Arabs” on others.

25.09.1994: Jewish extremist group “Temple Mount Faithful” is allowed to enter Al-Aqsa Mosque to celebrate Sukkot but is prevented from entering by Israeli police to avoid clashes with Palestinians.

09.1994: the terrorist Alan Goodman of the 1982 Al-Aqsa massacre, attempts to enter Al-Aqsa again.

10.1994: Israeli MKs make a provocative visit to Al-Haram Ash-Sharif, allegedly to supervise illegal buildings.

29.11.1994: Religious settlers from the “Alive and Well” movement attempt to break into Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound. . This terrorist movement seeks to reestablish the “Kingdom of Israel” and to recapture the ‘Temple Mount’, and its leader, Yehuda Ezion, was previously involved with the Jewish terrorist underground and participated in the plan to blow up the Dome of the Rock for which he was sentenced to 7 years prison.

12.1994: The Islamic Waqf warns that diggings conducted by the Israeli Ministry of Religion beneath Al-Aqsa mosque may lead to its collapse, saying Israeli workers use chemicals to dissolve the rocks. Other diggings in the past led to the collapse of a stone wall on Al-Haram Ash-Sharif and allow entry to the compound from tunnels.

16.01.1995: A group of Jewish settlers attempts to enter Al-Aqsa Mosque but is prevented by Israeli police.

12.02.1995: The Israeli Antiquities Authority announces plans to uncover the ruins of the “Solomon Temple”, supposedly located under Al-Aqsa Mosque. This involves large-scale digs and violates international law.

24.04.1995: Fanatic Jews dressed as tourists try to enter Al-Aqsa Mosque but are identified and prevented by the Mosque guards.

28.05.1995: Guards of the Al-Aqsa Mosque are forced to shut the gates after a number of Zionists tried to enter the compound to pray.

05.1995: UNESCO files a formal protest with the Israeli authorities about the excavations in the Old City, incl. the digging under Al-Aqsa Mosque.

15.06.1995: 5 female fanatic Jews get arrested when they start to pray near Lion’s Gate after failing to enter Al-Aqsa compound.

10.07.1995: 8 Jewish extremists try to enter Al-Aqsa compound but are prevented by Mosque guards.

12.07.1995: Jewish extremists take over a building in the Bab al-Silsila area, near al-Aqsa Mosque.

25.07.1995: the Israeli High Court of Justice issued a ruling allowing Jews to pray at the “Temple Mount”.

01.08.1995: The Jewish extremist group Hai Vakayam warns the Waqf in a letter not to deny Jews entry to Al-Aqsa compound for prayer.

03.08.1995: Israeli High Court of Justice reverses 28 years of policy, permitting extremist Jews to enter Al-Aqsa compound for prayer on 5/6.08. Clashes break out between Palestinians and some 150 Jewish settlers who try to raid Al-Aqsa.

5/6.08.1995: A small group of Jews is allowed to enter Al-Aqsa area on the night of the 5th (Jewish holiday commemorating Second Temple’s destruction).

06.08.1995: Settlers try to break into Al-Aqsa compound through Bab al-Qattanin but are stopped by guards.

08.08.1995: Israeli Ministry of Religious Affairs Shimon Shetreet proposes an agreement which allows Jews to pray at Al-Aqsa as applied at Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron. The proposal was rejected.

20.08.1995: 9 members of the extremist Hai Vakayam group are detained as they try to enter Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound for prayer.

23.08.1995: 6 members of the extremist Hai Vakayam group are arrested after an attempt to enter Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound for prayer.

20.09.1995: Despite huge protest, Israeli police chief Rubin allows 20 right-wing Jews to enter Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound where they, protected by strong police force, announce that they soon would enter Al-Aqsa Mosque itself.

10.101.995: After the Israeli High Court decided to allow Jews access to Al-Aqsa compound for the feast of the Tabernacles, Jewish extremists parade through the Old City with Israeli flags, chanting anti-Arab slogans.

11.10.1995: Jewish extremists try to enter Al-Aqsa compound from the Silsileh and Kattaneh Gates but are prevented by guards.

23.12.1995: 10 Jewish extremists try to raid Al-Aqsa but are prevented by the guards.

18.12.1995: Israeli police arrest 11 Jewish extremists trying to pray in Al Aqsa Mosque.

30.12.1995: Israeli police arrest right-wing Jew Eyal Kenan in the Old City in accord with a court order forbidding him to enter the Old City as his plans to attack Al Aqsa with anti-tank missiles were known.

08.04.1996: Some 90 Israeli settlers allowed to enter the Al-Aqsa compound for Pessach prayers; 15 Jewish extremists arrested when attempting to enter the compound forcefully.

18.07.1996: Israeli High Court ruling allows Israeli extremists to enter Al-Aqsa compound.

25.07.1996: Extremist Jews enter the Dome of the Rock Mosque after an unprecedented Israeli High Court decision to allow the “Temple Mount Faithful” to observe the commemoration of the “Second Temple’s destruction”.

24.09.1996: At dawn, the Israeli government inaugurates a tunnel under Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound.

25.09.1996: In the wake of the news of the tunnel opening, clashes between Palestinians and Israeli forces break out in Jerusalem; Israeli forces attack protestors.

27.09.1996: Israeli soldiers invade Al-Aqsa compound, fire at worshippers, killing 3 and injuring 125.

03.1997: A letter issued by the legal advisor to PM Netanyahu that notes that Jewish prayer on the Al-Aqsa compound is not illegal.

27.03.1997: Two explosive devises are found in a drainage pipe near Al-Aqsa Mosque.

03.1997: Waqf officials report new Israeli diggings under Al-Aqsa Mosque.

01.1998: Yediot Ahoronot reports that two Jewish extremists have been discovered planning to open fire on Palestinian worshippers taking part in the Friday prayers at Al-Aqsa during Ramadan.

01.03.1998: A religious settlement east of Jerusalem agrees to establish a compound for raising children belonging to the class of ‘priests’ so that they will be able to sanctify the ground of the “Temple Mount” and thus enable the resumption of Jewish prayer at the holy site.

14.04.1998: Twenty Jewish extremists are prevented from entering Al-Aqsa Mosque by guards.

13.05.1998: Israeli extremists set ablaze Bab Al-Ghawanmeh, one of the gates leading to Al-Aqsa compound, destroying a substantial part of the ancient gate.

20.05.1998: Israel’s Minister of Police orders renovations of a vault underneath Al-Aqsa Mosque that is sometimes used for prayers to cease. Acting Head of the Higher Islamic Council says Israel had no right to order the work stopped.

12.07.1998: Members of the extremist settler group Hay VeKayam, escorted by Israeli police, enter the courtyard of Al-Aqsa Mosque in what they refer to as a ‘first step’.

18.10.1998: Members of the Jewish extremist group “Temple Mount Faithful and their leader ”Gershon Solomon attempt entering Al-Aqsa mosque compound, waving Israeli flags and blowing rams’ horn, to launch the reconstruction of the “Third Temple”. During the rally led by Gershon Solomon boasts that “the Arab occupation of the Temple Mount is finished forever” and tries to unload a truck carrying a 4 ton marble ‘cornerstone’ saying “The time has come to rebuild the Jewish Temple”.

27.11.1998: Israel is planning to spend $1.2m to fund security measures at Al-Aqsa mosque by setting up electric fences and cameras.

01.1999: Israeli police detain members of the American sect ‘Concerned Christians’ when it learns about the group’s intentions on the eve of the year 2000 to commit suicide after having destroyed Al-Aqsa mosque and built a temple in its place.

29.01.1999: Orthodox Jewish extremists set up a new settler enclave near Al-Aqsa Mosque.

30.03.1999: Damyan Pakovitch, a Russian Jewish immigrant, is found guilty of planning to desecrate Al-Aqsa Mosque by throwing a pig’s head onto the premises during Ramadan.He is later acquitted.

04.04.1999: The Israeli police allow over 20 extremist Jews to enter the Al-Aqsa compound to celebrate Pessach.

20.07.1999: Ha’aretz reports that Israeli militants are raising funds to rebuild the Jewish temple on the site of Al-Aqsa Mosque. The campaign is led by Yehuda Etzion, who was jailed in the 1980s for organizing attacks on Palestinians, and involves several right-wing religious groups.

21.07.1999: Members of the extremist “Temple Mount Faithful” attempt to enter Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound and call for the destruction of Al-Aqsa Mosque, provoking confrontations with Muslim worshippers.

22.07.1999: 3 Jewish extremists of the outlawed Kach group are arrested in the night after scuffling with Palestinians and throwing pamphlets on the grounds of Al-Aqsa Mosque that call on Jews to “expel the strangers from the Temple Mount.” The day after the assault, the Waqf decides to close Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound in protest.

10.08.1999: Israeli police prevent the expansion of a window opened up by the Waqf to provide light and air for basement rooms under the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The police interference sparks Muslim protests. (The extremist Temple Mount Faithful group has petitioned the High Court of Justice to immediately halt the ‘unlicensed’ construction work).

19.08.1999: The “Temple Mount Faithful” group petitions the Israeli High Court to oblige the state’s institutions to put an immediate stop to construction work by the Muslim Waqf next to the Hulda Gate, claiming that the aim is building mosques in the underground spaces there.

26.09.1999: The Israeli High Court rejects an appeal by the “Temple Mount Faithful” group for Jewish prayer services on Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound.

08.10.1999: The “Temple Mount Faithful” has urged wealthy Jews from around the world to help seize a number of Arab houses in the vicinity of Al-Aqsa Mosque and circulates a model drawing of the envisioned temple to be build at the site of Al-Aqsa.

28.09.2000: Ariel Sharon makes a provocative visit to Al-Haram Ash-Sharif, accompanied by hundreds of Israeli soldiers, which sparkles the 2^nd Intifada known as Al-Aqsa Intifada. Israeli forces attack Palestinians at Al-Aqsa Mosque, leaving 5 dead and over 160 injured.

07.01.2001: Two former security officers send a public letter to Barak warning of security threats to Al-Haram Ash-Sharif by extremist and messianic groups. They state “Exhortations to destroy the mosques and take vengeance for the murder of Binyamin Kahane [make] the [Haram Ash-Sharif and other Islamic sites] prime targets for attacks by Jews.”

20.04.2001: The Jerusalem Post reports about plans by the Jewish Quarter Development Corporation to build hundreds of new apartments in the Jewish Quarter and dozens in the Muslim Quarter. The aim of this plan is to create Jewish continuity from Yemin Moshe neighborhood in West Jerusalem to Al-Aqsa Mosque.

28-29.07.2001: Palestinian inhabitants in and around Jerusalem march towards Al-Aqsa Mosque to prevent possible at­tacks by Jewish extremists who announced their coming to commemorate the destruction of the ‘Temple’. Israeli forces raid Al-Aqsa Mosque, injuring 70 Palestinians.

08.11.2002: Jerusalem police arrest a Jew, wearing a keffiyeh, who tries to infiltrate prayers on Al-Aqsa compound, where some 150,000 Muslim worshippers hold the first Friday prayers of this year’s Ramadan.

31.01.2003: Ha’aretz reports about a campaign entitled “Temple Mount – Heart of the Nation,” launched by a group of Jewish Americans, airing messages on Israeli radio stations that call for strengthening the Jewish presence at the “Temple Mount.”

02.2003: Israeli police chief Mickey Levy says that Jews would be allowed to pray at Al-Aqsa Mosque compound after the war on Iraq.

19.03.2003: Al-Hayat Al-Jadida reports that the Al-Aqsa Institute for the Renovation of Islamic Sites fears Israeli plans to transform parts of Al-Aqsa Mosque into a worshipping area for Jews, similar to the case of Hebron’s Al-Ibrahimi Mosque.

19.04.2003: Israeli police turns back some 20 “Temple Mount Faithful” activists, led by Gershon Salomon, approaching Al-Mughrabi Gate of the Al-Aqsa Compund and calling on the government to open the “Temple Mount” to Jews.

14.05.2003: Public Security Min. Tzachi Hanegbi says that with or without agreement, the “Temple Mount” would soon be opened to Jews for visits and prayers, saying “that is the right, the moral and the logical thing.”

16.05.2003: Israeli forces ban men under the age of 40 from attending Friday prayers at Al-Aqsa Mosque.

28.05.2003: Ha’aretz reports that architect Gideon Harla has designed plans to build a synagogue on Al-Haram Ash-Sharif next to the Dome of the Rock at an estimated cost of over $3 million. mosque.

30.05.2003: Ha’aretz reports that the Yesha Rabbi Council has issued a statement calling for the establishment of Israeli sover­eignty on the ‘Temple Mount’ and its opening to Jewish prayer, saying “The Temple Mount belongs solely to the Jewish people and there is no room on it for cooperation with strangers.”

22.07.2003: Israeli police protects groups of Jews allowed to perform religious rituals on Al-Haram Ash-Sharif.

24.08.2003: Israeli police allows a group of about 40 Jews, incl. some extremist from the “Temple Mount Faithful” and the “Chai Vekayam” movement, to enter and tour Al-Aqsa Compound for some 90 minutes. Some additional 60 Jews are allowed to make “ordinary” visits to the compound.

29.08.2003: Israeli police limits entry to the Al-Aqsa Mosque to Muslims with Israeli ID cards over the age of 45.

31.08.2003: Israeli police removes three Jewish visitors belonging to the “Temple Mount Faithful” and the “Chai Vekayam” move­ment from Al-Aqsa compound, after they begin to pray and bow down. The incident occurred during a visit by activists led by Yehuda Etzion, the leader of Etzion.

04.09.2003: In reversion of a long-held halakhic rulings, the Yesha Rabbis Council, rabbis Dov Lior, Daniel Shiloh and Nahum Rabinowitz -issues a ruling, saying Jews can visit the Al-Aqsa compound because “the doubts have been removed” about the location of the original temples, so there was no more danger that the sancticity of the place was violated by treading on the wrong spot.

13.10.2003: Israeli police prevents the “Temple Mount Faithful” to hold a Sukkoth ceremony on Al-Haram Ash-Sharif.

03.02.2004: Israeli archaeologists complain about alleged excavation work undertaken unsupervised by the Waqf on Al-Aqsa compound, which would endanger the remains of the “Second Temple”.

15.02.2004: After inspecting the site near the Western Wall where an embankment collapsed a day earlier, Israeli archaeologist Eilat Mazar calls for an investigation of the compound’s stability.

08.03.2004: The” Temple Mount Faithful” petitions the High Court of Justice to order the Israel Antiques Authority to supervise construction works taking place on Al-Haram Ash-Sharif and to prevent damage and theft of antiques.

05.04.2004: Members of the “Temple Mount Faithful” hold a sheep slaughter ceremony for Passover on the Mt. of Olives, after police rejected their request to hold it on the Al-Aqsa compound.

27.07.2004: Israeli police chief Maj. Gen. Ilan Franco bans Jewish visitors from the Al-Aqsa compound on today’s Tisha B’Av (marking the destruction of the two temples) over fear of sparking violent clashes. Some 30 Jewish extremists trying nevertheless to enter are turned back. The “Temple Mount Faithful” then holds a symbolic gathering near the compound’s Mughrabi Gate.

06.09.2004: At the request of the “Committee to Prevent the Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount”, Israel’s High Court of Justice issues a temporary injunction prohibiting the Israel Antiquities Authority, the Public Security Min. and the PM from authorizing the Waqf to remove tons of soil from Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound, on the assumption it contains archaeological artifacts.

17.10.2004: Israel’s security chiefs warn of the growing risk of an attack by Jewish extremists on Al-Aqsa Mosque.

10.04.2005: Israeli policemen arrest 31 Jewish extremists at the Western Wall, who tried to march towards Al-Haram Ash-Sharif.

16.05.2005: WJM Police and the Shin Bet reveal that five Jews were arrested on suspicion of planning an attack on Al-Aqsa Mosque to disrupt the disengagement plan. All five were released soon after.

30.06.2005: Israeli authorities have installed 19 new cameras on the gates leading to Al-Aqsa Mosque.

23.07.2007: some 300 Jewish extremists storm Al-Aqsa and perform suspicious rituals which they claimed to be “religious”.

16.08.2008: Jewish extremist groups storm Al-Aqsa compound from the Magharbeh Gate.

09.10.2008: groups of Jewish settlers, Rabbis and Israeli politicians implement mass break-ins and marches in Al-Haram Ash-Sharif compound, under the protection of Israeli police.

09.02.2009: Israel allows hundreds of tourists wearing “revealing clothes” into Al-Aqsa mosque and a group of 30 Israeli extremist settlers stormed the courtyard of the al-Aqsa mosque.

11.03.2009: a group of 30 extremist Jews dressed up in a costumes storm Al-Aqsa compound to perform Jewish rituals seminary inside the mosque.

13.04. 2009: dozens of Jewish settlers storm Al-Aqsa Mosque compound to perform prayers on the occasion of “Passover.” The Israeli police did not stop the fanatic Jews, instead attacked and arrested Palestinians who had gathered to protect Al-Aqsa. Several previous attempts had been made throughout the day by Jewish fanatics to enter Al-Aqsa.

16.04.2009:  several extremist Jewish organizations invite their followers “to conquer” Al-Aqsa Mosque compound and Judaize it.

30.07.2009: more than 200 Jewish extremists storm Al-Aqsa Mosque, positioning themselves inside the holy site, allegedly to perform religious rituals.

12.09.2009: Israeli authorities begin excavations to build a tunnel near Al-Aqsa Mosque. The tunnel was being built underneath the Arab neighbourhood of Silwan and is now 120 meters long, 1.5 meters wide and 3 meters high. The tunnel is heading north toward Al-Aqsa Mosque and would be connected with another one being built underneath Silwan neighbourhood, with the aim of eventually connecting it with the network of tunnels that leads to Al-Aqsa Mosque. The objective of the excavation is to demolish Al-Aqsa Mosque and to build the so-called second temple on the ruins of Al-Aqsa.

24.09. 2009: members of the “explosives experts” unit in the Israeli police storm Al-Aqsa Mosque and the tours it.

27.09. 2009: clashes between Jewish groups, protected by Israeli police, and Palestinians within the Noble Sanctuary compound result in the injury of 16 Palestinians.