Ancient
history:
Both Jews
and Arabs claim historical ancestry in region. However muslim believes that all Prophets before Muhammas SAW, inviting peoples to submit totally to Allah almighty, that includes all Prophet of Allah from the jews.
19th century:
Khilafah Othmaniah administered Palestine; small Jewish community live in peace under Islamic rule;
Theodor Herzl develops plans for Zionist homeland.
Theodor Herzl develops plans for Zionist homeland.
1897:
Zionist
movement founded (in Europe).
1910s:
Chaim
Weizmann lobbies British to support Zionist plans.
1914:
British
census places population of Palestine at “689,272 persons, of whom no
more (and perhaps less) than 60,000 were Jews”.
1916:
Sykes-Picot
(British-French) agreement divides Arabian peninsula between British and
French; Palestine left an international zone.
1917:
Balfour
Declaration announces support of British government for “the establishment in
Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people,” while insisting also upon
the rights of non-Jewish peoples
1921:
First
Palestinian uprisings against Zionist settlement (Jaffa)
1920s:
Some
migration of European Jews to Palestine: Jewish population rises from 83,790 in
1922 census (out of 752,048 total) to 174,606 by 1931 (out of 1,033,314 total);
more violence in 1929
1930s:
Zionist
revisionists (Vladimir Jabotinsky and Stern Gang) begin negotiations with Nazis
over support for Zionist settlement in Palestine; Jewish population increases
more rapidly, reaching 528,702 by 1944 (out of 1,739,624 total)
1935-39:
Major
Palestinian uprising against Zionist settlements; British disarm Palestinian
groups in aftermath
1940s:
Armed
Zionist groups pressure British to allow Israeli statehood (1944 Stern Gang
assassination of British Secretary of State Lord Moyne; 1946 bombing of King
David Hotel, with at least 88 killed)
1945-50:
US and
Britain refuse to open doors to Jewish holocaust refugees, directing flow of
migrants to Israel
1947 Nov. 29:
The United Nations Special Committee on Palestine
recommended partition, and on 29 November 1947 the United Nations General
Assembly voted to partition Palestine into two states - an Arab and a Jewish
one. The partition resolution (181) intended administration of Palestine to be
in the hands of five UN representatives and assumed free Jewish immigration
into the Jewish area even before the creation of a Jewish state:
1948 May 14:
British
end occupation on Palestine.
1948 May 15:
Nakbah - British rule of Palestine formally ended on 15 May 1948 and
the State of Israel was declared, leading to war with several Arab states.
1948:
Deir
Yassin massacre, 250 killed by Menachim Begin’s troops; flight of as many as
900,000 unarmed Palestinians to surrounding Arab states; Israeli statehood
proclaimed, recognized by US and 32 other states at UN (13 against, 10
abstentions); Palestinians and surrounding Arab states reject Israeli
statehood, war ensues; Yitzhak Shamir’s unit assassinates UN mediator, Count
Folke Bernadotte
1950s:
Israel wins series of military conflicts with Arab
states, solidifying position and laying permanent claim to former Palestinian
lands
1950s-60s:
Beginnings
of officially-recognized Middle East terrorism problems, including airplane
hijackings and bombings, first carried out by Israel, eventually by
Palestinians and others; Ariel Sharon’s unit commits massacre at Qibya in 1953
1964:
Founding
of Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
1967: 6-day war:
Israel
defeats Egypt in 6-day war, claiming former Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, and
consolidating further US military and economic support; West Bank and Gaza
Strip occupied, leading to more Palestinian support for PLO
1969
August 21:
Burning of
Al-Aqsa Mosque - Dennis Michael Rohan, an Australian tourist who was termed responsible
for the arson. At the time the fire was being extinguished, there were also
claims that the Israeli fire extinguishers threw gasoline on the fire instead
of water. Even while Israel has repeatedly denied that Rohan was a Jew, facts
have proved him to be a Zionist, recruited by the violating parties to commit
this sinful task. This claim of Rohan being an Israeli was also stated by The
Wall Street Journal on November 13, 2000. One of the consequences of Al-Aqsa
fire was the creation of the OIC by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia in the
first-ever meeting of Islamic Summit which was convened in September 1969 in
Rabat, Morocco. However, the efforts of the OIC have not succeeded in keeping
the Mosque safe from the terrorist attacks and defilement even to this day.
1971:
Egyptian
President Anwar al-Sadat offers full peace treaty but is rejected by Israel, US
1972:
Islamic
terrorist group kills Israeli athletes at Munich Olympics
1973:
Egypt
wages temporarily successful battle against Israel, leading US to reverse
position on negotiations. The 1973 Arab–Israeli War
and the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, between
coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria and between Israel
The war began when the
coalition launched a joint surprise attack on Israel on Yom Kippur, the holiest
day in Judaism, which happened to occur that year during the Muslim holy month
of Ramadan. Egyptian and Syrian forces crossed ceasefire lines to enter the
Israeli-held Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights respectively, which had been
captured and occupied since the 1967 Six-Day War.
1974:
Oil shocks
focus global attention on Middle East; PLO implies willingness to recognize
Israel in exchange for end of occupation
1978:
US,
Israel, and Egypt sign Camp David Peace Accords, returning land to Egypt and
buying Egypt out of pro-Palestinian camp
1981:
Sadat
assassinated by fundamentalist group in Egypt
1982: Sabra
and Shatila Massacres.
Operation
Peace for Galilee launched, with Israeli forces invading southern Lebanon;
operation leads to more than 17,000 Arab deaths and culminates in massacres of
thousands of civilians at Sabra and Shatila refugee camps
1987: Intifada.
Beginning
of “intifada,” Palestinian uprising in occupied territories.
1988:
PLO
declares independent Palestinian state, recognized by over 100 nations at UN,
but not by US; PLO reaffirms recognition of Israel’s existence as part of
two-state settlement proposal
1988-89:
US-led
negotiations and Israeli military response defuse “intifada”
1990:
Massacre
of Palestinians at Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem
1990-91:
Elements
of Palestinian leadership side with Iraq in Persian Gulf War, thus losing
international leverage in aftermath of war; Palestinian refugees from Kuwait
return to Jordan and West Bank
1991:
Bush
administration in US delays credits to Israel for new housing (for Russian
refugees), helping bring down Itzaak Shamir government
1993:
Yassir
Arafat and Itzaak Rabin sign Oslo Peace Accords, leading to formation of
Palestinian Authority in Gaza and parts of West Bank; many Palestinians reject
the legitimacy of this authority; some support swings from PLO to Hamas
1995:
Itzaak
Rabin assassinated by Zionist extremists
1999: May:
Ehud Barak
of the Labour Party is elected prime minister under the One Israel banner.
2000 July:
The Camp
David summit between Barak, and Yasser Arafat, the president of the Palestinian
Authority, aimed at reaching a "final status" agreement, fails
after Arafat refuses to accept a proposal drafted by the US and Israeli
negotiators.
2000
September 28: 2nd Intifada known as Al-Aqsa Intifada
2001 February 6:
Sharon is
elected the leader of the Likud party and refuses to continue negotiations with
Arafat.
2001 June
1:
A Hamas suicide
bomber attacks a nightclub, killing 21 Israelis, mainly teenagers, and injuring
more than 100.
2001 December:
Sharon
sends troops into Ramallah, shelling and surrounding the
Palestinian Authority's West Bank headquarters; Arafat is unable to leave.
2001:
Sharon
defeats Barak in election, becomes Prime Minister; in wake of September 11
World Trade Center disaster, Israeli repression in the occupied territories
intensifies [1]
2002 March:
Israeli
army launches Operation Defensive Shield, the country's biggest military
operation in the West Bank since the Six Day war in 1967. In the same year,
Israel begins construction of separation barrier and annexes large areas of
Palestinian land.
2004 March 22:
Sheikh Ahmad
Yassin, the founder and leader of the Hamas movement, is assassinated by an
Israeli helicopter gunship.
2004 April
17:
Abd
al-Aziz al-Rantissi, the co-founder of Hamas and successor to Yassin, is killed
by the Israeli army.
2004 July
9:
International
Court of Justice rules that the Israeli separation barrier violates
international law and must be removed.
2004 November
11:
Arafat
dies.
2005 January
9:
Mahmoud
Abbas is elected president of the Palestinian Authority.
2005 January
10:
Sharon
creates government of unity with Labour and United Torah Judaism parties.
2005 August:
Israel
disengages from Gaza and four West Bank settlements.
2005 November:
Sharon
leaves Likud to form the Kadima party.
2006 January:
Sharon
suffers a major stroke that leaves him in a coma.
2006 January
25: Palestinian legislative elections
Hamas wins
a majority of seats in the Palestinian legislative elections. The US,
Israel and several European countries cut off aid to the Palestinians as the
Islamist movement rejects Israel's right to exist.
2006 March
2006:
Kadima,
now led by Ehud Olmert, wins the parliamentary elections and installs Olmert as
Sharon's successor.
2006 June
25:
Armed
Palestinians carry out a cross-border raid from the Gaza Strip and
capture Corporal Gilad Shalit, besides killing two Israeli soldiers and
wounding four others.
2006 September:
Violence
erupts between rival Palestinian groups, Fatah and Hamas, in the Gaza Strip.
Abbas attempts to prevent civil war. Abbas's Fatah movement supports a
Palestinian state alongside Israel, while Hamas rejects Israel's right to
exist.
2006 October:
A number
of mediation conferences are held. Egypt and Qatar send their foreign ministers
to meet with both sides. Other Palestinian groups like the Islamic Jihad and
the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine mediate between the two sides
to stop the clashes.
2006 November
13:
Following
talks between Hamas and Fatah, both sides agree to form a unity government.
2006 December
16:
Abbas
calls for new elections as a solution to the ongoing crisis.
2007 January
30:
Fatah and
Hamas reach a ceasefire agreement mediated by Egypt after a series of clashes
that led to the death of 32 Palestinians. Both sides welcome a Saudi initiative
to meet in Mecca.
Hamas and
Fatah agree on a deal in Mecca to end factional warfare and to form a
coalition, hoping this would lead Western powers to lift crippling sanctions
imposed on the Hamas-led government.
2007 February
9:
The
Quartet welcomes the role of Saudi Arabia in reaching the agreement to form a
Palestinian National Unity government but later reaffirms that it must obey
international demands to recognise Israel, renounce violence and abide by
previous peace agreements.
2007 February
15:
Ismail
Haniya and his cabinet resign. Haniya is re-appointed by Abbas and begins the
process of forming a new Palestinian unity government.
2007 March
15:
Palestinians
reach agreement on the formation of the government.
2007 March
17:
The new
Palestinian unity government holds its first cabinet meeting in Gaza City, with
ministers in the West Bank participating from Ramallah via video link.
2007 March:
Israel
refuses to talk to the coalition, saying it fails to meet international demands
- renouncing violence, recognising Israel and honouring past peace deals.
2007 April:
Israel
plans Gaza invasion, a day after Olmert calls for a regional peace conference
with Arab states. The US gives Abbas $60m to boost his presidential guard and
for other security expenses.
2007 May:
Israel
presses ahead with air raids on Gaza. The strikes came after Olmert said
that Israel would continue its crackdown on Hamas following the firing of
rockets from the enclave.
2007 June:
Battle of
Gaza begins, resulting in Hamas taking control of the Gaza Strip from Fatah.
Abbas issues new government, and announces Salam Fayyad, an economist, as the
emergency government head. Abbas swears in new emergency government, bypassing
Hamas.
2007 November:
George
Bush, the US president, hosts peace talks between Palestinians and Israelis at
Annapolis, Maryland, while Hamas still holds control over Gaza.
2008 January:
Israel
steps up military actions on Gaza and Hamas, killing seven Palestinians. Olmert
vows to respond to continuing rocket attacks from Gaza. Israel
continues incursions into Gaza, leaving Palestinians in a humanitarian
crisis without fuel, power, food and water.
2008 January
23:
Palestinians
blow up part of the border at Rafah, going into Egypt and thousands of Gazans
cross the border to buy food and other supplies.
2008 February:
Israel
launches military campaign, codenamed Operation Hot Winter, in the Gaza
Strip, resulting in the deaths of 112 Palestinians and three Israelis.
2008 May:
Tony
Blair, former British prime minister, announces new peace initiative based
on the ideas of the Peace Valley plan.
2008 December:
Israel launches Operation Cast Lead, a full scale invasion of the Gaza Strip in response to rocket attacks by Palestinian armed groups. Some 1400 Palestinians are killed, many of them civilians. After 22 days of fighting, Israel and Hamas each declare separate unilateral ceasefires.
2009 March:
Binyamin
Netanyahu assumes office as Israeli prime minister following parliamentary
elections.
2009 April 3:
United
Nations establishes a fact-finding mission on the Gaza war, headed by Richard
Goldstone, an international jurist from South Africa.
2009 June
4:
Barack
Obama, the US president, calls for a "new beginning between the
United States and Muslims" in a historic speech in Cairo.
2009 September
15:
Goldstone
releases his report, accusing both Israel and Hamas of war crimes and
possible crimes against humanity during the Gaza war.
2009 November
3:
The US
House of Representatives overwhelmingly passes a resolution denouncing the
Goldstone report as "irredeemably biased and unworthy of further
consideration or legitimacy."
2009 November:
Netanyahu
announces a 10-month so-called freeze on construction in illegal West Bank
settlements. The freeze does not apply to East Jerusalem.
2010 January:
Israel
resumes air strikes against smuggling-tunnels on the Gaza-Egypt border.
2010 May
31:
Israel
violently intercepts a Gaza-bound aid flotilla, killing nine activists on board
the Mavi Marmara, the lead vessel .
2010 September
22:
United
Nations Human Rights Council terms the Israeli raid on the Gaza flotilla
"disproportionate" and condemns its "unacceptable level of
brutality."
2010 September:
Another
round of direct negotiations between the Israeli and Palestinian leadership
begins. The talks collapse in the same month after Israel refuses to extend the
freeze on settlement construction in the West Bank.
2011 January 23:
Al Jazeera
releases The Palestine Papers, revealing a trove of documents, e-mails and
minutes of meetings, shedding light on 10 years of negotiations between
Israel and the Palestinians
_________________________________________________________________________
Rujukan:
[1] http://www.peoplesgeographyproject.org/Timeline.htm
[2] http://www.aljazeera.com/palestinepapers/2011/01/2011123105618579443.html
Perjanjian-perjanjian damai yang tak pernah aman: http://pacemalaysia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66:perjanjian-perjanjian-damai-yang-tak-pernah-aman&catid=20:palestine-today&Itemid=52
Timeline of Palestine-Israeli Conflict : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict
A History of Conflic (BBC): http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_ip_timeline/html/1897.stm
Fact on AL-Aqsa: http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1967to1991_alaqsa_fire_1969.php
Chronology ... Malay: http://chromosome.wordpress.com/2010/10/08/gambar-gambar-masjid-al-aqsa-dari-atas/
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